Bi-level optimization of closed surge tanks placement and sizing in water distribution system subjected to transient events

This paper presents a bi-level optimization approach for placement and sizing of closed surge tanks in the water distribution system subjected to transient events. This study considers minimizing the maximum pressure head under various transient conditions given a budget constraint. Bi-level optimization utilizes the hierarchical structure between decision variables. In the upper level, optimal set of devices are assigned locations, while in the lower level the optimal sizing parameters are attained. The two problems are iteratively updated and solved until convergence. The suggested method is demonstrated and tested on a small case study, demonstrating the potential of the suggested approach.