Attention bias modification for youth with social anxiety disorder

Lee Pergamin-Hight, Daniel S. Pine, Nathan A. Fox, Yair Bar-Haim

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background: Attention bias modification treatment (ABMT) targets threat-related attention biases in anxiety disorders. Most clinical trials of ABMT have focused on adults or small samples of youth. The current randomized controlled trial (RCT) examines ABMT efficacy in youth with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and tests possible moderators of treatment outcomes. Method: Sixty-seven youth with SAD were randomly assigned to ABMT or attention control training (ACT) conditions. Anxiety severity was measured at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up. ClinicalTrials.gov name and identifier: Attention bias modification treatment for children with social anxiety, NCT01397032; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Results: Both ABMT and ACT induced significant reductions in clinician and self-rated social anxiety (ps <.001). An additional reduction was observed at the 3-month follow-up in clinician-rated anxiety symptoms (p =.03). Moderation effects were nonsignificant for the clinician-rated anxiety outcome, but age moderated self-reported anxiety. Older but not younger children, showed significant reduction in anxiety following ABMT relative to ACT (p <.001). Individual differences in attention control also moderated ABMT's effect on self-reported anxiety (p =.05). Children rated by their parents as lower on attention control benefited more from ABMT than those rated higher on attention control. Baseline attention bias did not moderate anxiety (p =.17). Conclusions: Despite significant reductions in social anxiety, no specific evidence for ABMT was found relative to a control condition. Age and attention control moderated ABMT effects on self-reported SAD symptoms, with clinical effects for older relative to younger children and for those with lower attention control. These results highlight the need to consider developmental influences in the implementation of ABMT protocols.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1317-1325
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
Volume57
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Nov 2016

Keywords

  • Adolescence
  • anxiety
  • attention
  • treatment trials

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Psychiatry and Mental health
  • Developmental and Educational Psychology
  • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

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