Assessing ethnicity as a factor in myocardial infarction emergency response and recovery: a study from the Negev Desert

Background: We compared short- and long-term management and outcomes between Bedouin Arabs and Jewish patients in the Negev region (Israel) to assess disparities in myocardial infarction care and subsequent impacts on patient health. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Soroka University Medical Center, Israel, spanning from 2016 to 2022. It included all cases of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) requiring urgent catheterisation. Data were extracted on demographics, comorbidities and key time metrics from symptom onset to intervention. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, 1-year mortality and 1-year mortality for those who survived and were discharged. Results: Among the 1530 participants (1092 Jews, 438 Bedouins), no significant differences were found in immediate treatment metrics. However, multivariable logistic regression revealed a difference in a long-term outcome; Bedouins had a higher risk of 1-year mortality (adjusted OR=1.49, 95% CI: 0.99 to 2.22). Conclusions: While the initial treatment outcomes for STEMI appear comparable between ethnic groups, ethnic disparities become apparent in long-term health outcomes. Tailored interventions such as improved follow-up systems, community-specific health education and enhanced access to rehabilitation services are essential for ensuring equitable health outcomes for all populations.