Art therapists' experiences of countertransference with clients with intellectual disabilities

Objective: This study examined art therapists' countertransference experiences when working with clients with intellectual disabilities. Method: A mixed methods design was used, involving process diaries, RAP (Relational Anecdotes Paradigm) interviews, and the Therapist Response Questionnaire (TRQ). Seven art therapists working with clients with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities provided data from nine treatments. Findings: Four primary countertransference themes emerged: Parental/Protective, Helplessness/Ambivalence, Joy/Satisfaction, and Compassion/Sadness. The Parental/Protective theme was the most frequent. The theme of Helplessness/Ambivalence reflected doubts and professional dilemmas. Joy/Satisfaction was reported to emerge from successful interactions, whereas Compassion/Sadness was tied to clients' struggles. Conclusion: The findings highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of countertransference in art therapists working with clients with intellectual disabilities. These countertransference reactions, encompassing both positive and negative emotions, play a crucial role in the therapeutic relationship. It is suggested that by acknowledging and constructively engaging with these reactions, therapists can foster stronger therapeutic relationships.