Analytic mappings of the unit disk which almost preserve hyperbolic area

In this paper, we study analytic self-maps of the unit disk which distort hyperbolic areas of large hyperbolic disks by a bounded amount. We give a number of characterizations involving angular derivatives, Lipschitz extensions, Möbius distortion, the distribution of critical points and Aleksandrov–Clark measures. We also examine the Lyapunov exponents of their Aleksandrov–Clark measures.