Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy: Perfecting self-defenses

The unrivaled potential of T cells for targeted immune function is central to the eradication of cancer. While their natural anti-tumor response might sometimes be insufficient, several studies and importantly, multiple clinical trials in terminally-ill cancer patients have demonstrated that it is possible to design novel and efficient immunotherapeutic approaches based on the adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-specific T lymphocytes. Herein, we will expand on the development and the use of such strategies using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or genetically-engineered T cells. We will also comment on the requirements and potential hurdles encountered when elaborating and implementing such treatments as well as the exciting prospects for this kind of emerging personalized medicine therapy.