Active stress resilience

Individual variability in response to stress highlights the importance of behavioral profiling to unveil changes specific to resilience. Emphasizing distinct mechanisms, this review reveals resilience as an active coping response that differs from the unexposed healthy population. Individual differences add complexity to stress-related outcomes and are essential for tailoring effective interventions. The data highlight resilience promotion through maintaining blood–brain barrier integrity and modulating inflammatory responses. Epigenetic findings implicate multiple processes, such as immune function, cell proliferation, and synaptic transmission. Disruptions in neuronal excitation and inhibition equilibrium significantly impact the resilience-vulnerability balance. Understanding the neural circuit interplay and sex-specific responses offers a comprehensive perspective on the multifaceted nature of resilience and provides potential avenues for preventive and therapeutic strategies.