A review of main issues regarding validity, reliability, generalizability, transferability, and applicability of log-based measurement of computer-assisted learning

Log analysis has become a common methodology in the research of computer-assisted learning. Using this method, variables to measure various aspects of learning are computed from the data that is stored in computer-assisted learning environments’ log files; these files document fine-grained data on student interaction with the learning system, and are updated automatically, continuously, and unobtrusively. However, besides challenges that any empirical investigation faces, log-based studies face some other, unique challenges. Despite their methodological importance, these distinctive challenges have not yet discussed in a comprehensive manner. In this review paper, we critically examine issues of validity, reliability, generalizability and transferability, and applicability of log-based analysis. We do so by covering relevant theoretical aspects, and demonstrating them via past research. We conclude with practical recommendations for researchers in the fields of Learning Analytics and Educational Data Mining.