A Penrose-type inequality with angular momentum and charge for axisymmetric initial data

A lower bound for the ADM mass is established in terms of angular momentum, charge, and horizon area in the context of maximal, axisymmetric initial data for the Einstein–Maxwell equations which satisfy the weak energy condition. If, on the horizon, the given data agree to a certain extent with the associated model Kerr–Newman data, then the inequality reduces to the conjectured Penrose inequality with angular momentum and charge. In addition, a rigidity statement is also proven whereby equality is achieved if and only if the data set arises from the canonical slice of a Kerr–Newman spacetime.