A Network Modeling Approach to Mindfulness Mechanisms: a Proof-of-Concept Investigation

Objectives: In contrast to theory, most extant research has not investigated mindfulness mechanisms as dynamic system(s) of processes nor via measurement with high temporal and contextual resolution in participants’ real-world environment. Methods: Accordingly, as an initial proof of concept approach, we applied a network analysis methodology to experience sampling data twice daily of 10 risk and protective processes of interest, pre- and post-mindfulness training (3-week, 6-session intervention) among 82 meditation-naive adults. Results: First, we found changes in the network post-relative to pre-intervention, including the emergence or strengthening of key network pathways (e.g., willingness, positive affect) as well as the pruning or weakening of pathways (e.g., negative affect, depressed/anxious mood). Second, relatedly, we found that negative affect was less functionally central at post- versus pre-intervention. Conclusions: Findings suggest theoretically and clinically important changes in the functional connectivity of a network of mindfulness mechanisms and related processes following a mindfulness intervention. This proof of concept study and its findings are discussed with respect to the emerging study of mindfulness mechanisms as a dynamic system or network.