@article{92958106066648a2bfa186c695b9fcb9,
title = "A dynamical link between deep Atlantic extratropical cyclones and intense Mediterranean cyclones",
abstract = "Breaking of atmospheric Rossby waves has been previously shown to lead to intense Mediterranean cyclones, one of the most prominent environmental risks in the region. Wave breaking may be enhanced by warm conveyor belts (WCBs) associated with extratropical cyclones developing over the Atlantic Ocean. More precisely, WCBs supply the upper troposphere with air masses of low potential vorticity that, in turn, amplify ridges and thus favor Rossby wave breaking. This study identifies the mechanism that connects Atlantic cyclones and intense mature Mediterranean cyclones through ridge amplification by WCBs, and validates its climatological relevance. Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalyses and a feature-based approach, we analyze the 200 most intense Mediterranean cyclones for the years 1989–2008 and show that their majority (181 cases) is indeed associated with this mechanism upstream. Results show that multiple Atlantic cyclones are associated with each case of intense Mediterranean cyclone downstream. Moreover, the associated Atlantic cyclones are particularly deeply intensifying compared with climatology.",
author = "Shira Raveh-Rubin and Emmanouil Flaounas",
note = "Swiss National Science Foundation, Marie Heim-Vogtlin Programme [PMPDP2_158347/1]We are deeply grateful to Heini Wernli (ETH) for the fruitful discussions and feedback on the manuscript, as well as for providing the cyclone tracks and supporting the research visit of EF to ETH for carrying out this work. We thank Hanin Binder and Michael Sprenger (ETH) for providing the ERA-Interim WCB climatology. MeteoSwiss and ECMWF are acknowledged for providing access to the ERA-Interim data. S. Raveh-Rubin is funded by Swiss National Science Foundation, Marie Heim-Vogtlin Programme (PMPDP2_158347/1). We thank the two anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the clarity of the manuscript. We are deeply grateful to Heini Wernli (ETH) for the fruitful discussions and feedback on the manuscript, as well as for providing the cyclone tracks and supporting the research visit of EF to ETH for carrying out this work. We thank Hanin Binder and Michael Sprenger (ETH) for providing the ERA-Interim WCB climatology. MeteoSwiss and ECMWF are acknowledged for providing access to the ERA-Interim data. S. Raveh-Rubin is funded by Swiss National Science Foundation, Marie Heim-Vogtlin Programme (PMPDP2_158347/1). We thank the two anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the clarity of the manuscript.",
year = "2017",
month = may,
doi = "10.1002/asl.745",
language = "الإنجليزيّة",
volume = "18",
pages = "215--221",
journal = "Atmospheric Science Letters",
issn = "1530-261X",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons Inc.",
number = "5",
}