Prof. Elisheva  Baumgarten (Tenured Professor) studies the social and religious history of the Jews of medieval northern Europe (1000-1350) and teaches medieval history in the Department of Jewish History and Contemporary Jewry and in the Department of History. Her research focuses on the social history of the Jewish communities living in the urban centers of medieval Europe and especially on daily contacts between Jews and Christians. Her work seeks to include those who did not write the sources that have reached us, with a special interest in women and gender hierarchies.